Due to its astonishingly rich and imperiled biodiversity, the small island of Madagascar is globally significant in terms of species conservation. To contribute to the ongoing research and conservation efforts there, a taxonomic review of the Malagasy species of Sphindidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) is provided. Five species are treated, representing two genera, Sphindus Megerle in Dejean and Aspidiphorus Zeigler in Dejean. Diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations and a taxonomic key are provided. Four new species are described: Aspidiphorus bisulcatus Forrester & McHugh, new species; Aspidiphorus inordinatus Forrester & McHugh, new species, Aspidiphorus protuberans Forrester & McHugh, new species; and Aspidiphorus quadratidentis Forrester & McHugh, new species.